Skip to main content

Middle of Mass Measured from Moment

The center of mass of an object is the point that lies in the average position of mass in that object. For a normal polygon, that point is in the middle of the shape. However, if the shape is irregular, has concave angles, or has holes, the center of mass can be far from the middle of the object. Two things come into factor when determining the center of mass of an object. Weight and distance. Obviously, if one side of an object has more mass than the other, the center of mass will be on the heavier side. But, distance plays a role, too. If two sides of an object have the same mass, but one is farther from the middle, the center of mass will be on the side that has farther mass. Multiplying both of these factors together gives the moment of an object. Dividing the moment by the overall mass gives the location of the center of mass.
  The reason I chose my shape is to mimic how those toy balancing birds work. The toy is a model bird with its wings outstretched. The bird's beak is pointing downwards and the bird is able to balance on the beak because the center of mass is right on the beak. It does not look like the bird should be able to balance, but because the wings are far from the rest of the body and go in front of the beak a bit, the wings give a big enough moment to make the center of mass right on the beak. My model similarly has outstretched parts that cause the center of mass to be near the point of the triangle in the middle. After making the shape, I realized it looked like the letter M. That led to this post's alliterative title.
  The way to find the center of mass in a two dimensional object is to find the moment in the x direction and in the y direction, then divide by area and you have your coordinates for the center of mass. My shape has many cut corners in the literal sense, so many integrals are needed for my shape. My shape goes from -4 to 4 in both directions. In the y direction, the way to find the moment is to calculate \[\int_{-4}^{-3.5}(7.5+x-(-7.5-x))xdx + \int_{-3.5}^{-2.5}(4+4)xdx + \int_{-2.5}^{-2}(4-(-1.5+x))xdx + \int_{-2}^{-1.5}(4-(3.5+x))xdx +\]\[\int_{-1.5}^{-1}(4-2)xdx + \int_{-1}^{0}(4-(-2x))xdx + \int_{0}^{1}(4-2x)xdx + \int_{1}^{1.5}(4-2)xdx + \int_{1.5}^{2}(4-(3.5-x))xdx + \]\[\int_{2}^{2.5}(4-(-1.5-x))xdx+\int_{2.5}^{3.5}(4+4)xdx + \int_{3.5}^{4}(7.5-x-(-7.5+x))xdx\] This comes out to equal 0. For the x direction, I rotated the shape in order to integrate over x. The moment in the x direction is \[\int_{-4}^{-3.5}(7.5+x-(-7.5-x))xdx + \int_{-3.5}^{-2}(4+4)xdx + \int_{-2}^{-1.5}(4-(3.5+x)+-x/2-x/2+(-3.5-x)+4)xdx + \]\[\int_{-1.5}^{0}(4-2+-x/2-x/2+-2+4)xdx + \int_{0}^{3.5}(4-2+-2+4)xdx + \int_{3.5}^{4}(7.5-x-(-1.5+x)+1.5-x-(-7.5+x))xdx\] The moment in the x direction comes out to be -28.083. The way to find out the area is to take either of the ways to find the moment and take away the extra x in each integral. So, the area is equal to \[\int_{-4}^{-3.5}(7.5+x-(-7.5-x))dx + \int_{-3.5}^{-2}(4+4)dx + \int_{-2}^{-1.5}(4-(3.5+x)+-x/2-x/2+(-3.5-x)+4)dx + \]\[\int_{-1.5}^{0}(4-2+-x/2-x/2+-2+4)dx + \int_{0}^{3.5}(4-2+-2+4)dx + \int_{3.5}^{4}(7.5-x-(-1.5+x)+1.5-x-(-7.5+x))dx\] which comes out to equal 41.5. Dividing the moment in the y direction by the area gives an x coordinate of 0. Dividing the moment in the x direction by the area gives an x coordinate of -.677, but because I rotated the shape to integrate over x, the y coordinate of the center of mass is .677. Overall, the center of mass of my object lies on (0, .677).

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Do Over: Integration Over a Region in a Plane

Throughout the semester we have covered a variety of topics and how their mathematical orientation applies to real world scenarios. One topic we discussed, and I would like to revisit, is integration over a region in a plane which involves calculating a double integral. Integrating functions of two variables allows us to calculate the volume under the function in a 3D space. You can see a more in depth description and my previous example in my blog post, https://ukyma391.blogspot.com/2021/09/integration-for-over-regions-in-plane_27.html . I want to revisit this topic because in my previous attempt my volume calculations were incorrect, and my print lacked structural stability. I believed this print and calculation was the topic I could most improve on and wanted to give it another chance. What needed Improvement? The function used previously was f(x) = cos(xy) bounded on [-3,3] x [-1,3]. After solving for the estimated and actual volume, it was difficult to represent in a print...

Minimal Surfaces

Minimum surfaces can be described in many equivalent ways. Today, we are going to focus on minimum surfaces by defining it using curvature. A surface is a minimum surface if and only if the mean curvature at every point is zero. This means that every point on the surface is a saddle point with equal and opposite curvature allowing the smallest surface area possible to form. Curvature helps define a minimal surface by looking at the normal vector. For a surface in R 3 , there is a tangent plane at each point. At each point in the surface, there is a normal vector perpendicular to the tangent plane. Then, we can intersect any plane that contains the normal vector with the surface to get a curve. Therefore, the mean curvature of a surface is defined by the following equation. Where theta is an angle from a starting plane that contains the normal vector. For this week’s project, we will be demonstrating minimum surfaces with a frame and soap bubbles! How It Works Minimum surfac...

Do Over: Ruled Surfaces

Why to choose this project to repeat For the do over project, I would like to choose the ruled surfaces. I don't think my last project was creative, and the 3D printed effect was not very satisfactory. In the previous attempts, all the lines are connected between a straight line and a circle. This connection structure is relatively uncomplicated. The printed model has too many lines, resulting in too dense line arrangement. The gaps between lines are too small, and the final effect is that all the lines are connected into a curved surface, which is far from the effect I expected. What to be improved In this do over project, I would like to improve in two aspects. Firstly, a different ruled surface is chosen. In the previous model, one curve is a unit circle on the \(x-y\) plane, and the ruled surface is a right circular conoid. In this do over project, it is replaced by two border lines. Each borderline is in the shape of an isosceles right triangl...